8 July 2016

Deutsche Welle: Why urban wildlife is thriving in Berlin

Foxes and raccoons can be found all over the city. They like to climb houses and play around in gardens and parks, they can even be found next to busy streets. The entire city of Berlin has become habitat for foxes. In fact, studies show that there are now more fox dens in the city than in the forest. But there are also lots of boars, martens and rabbits hopping crossing the streets.

Not to mention birds. Berlin is the city with the largest amount and variety of birds in Germany. We have songbirds, raptors like the white-tailed eagle - and in the past few years, we also have large seagulls breeding here. There is a huge colony of wild grey herons at Berlin's Tierpark that actually love it there because they eat the zoo animals' food. [...]

Take a fox for instance. Usually a wild fox would run for its life when confronted with a human, because they have been hunted so intensively. Not so in Berlin. Berlin's city foxes don't have this so-called flight initiation distance. They'll approach a human very closely, and stare him or her in the eye - and so citizens are often worried that something might be wrong with that fox, that it might have rabies, because they're not used to such behavior. [...]

It's important that we don't just keep building without leaving enough space for animals to survive. Especially the population of small birds like the great tit is rapidly decreasing - because we are overexploiting our green areas, and so the birds have nothing left to eat.

Mental Floss: Software Flaws May Invalidate 40,000 Neuroscience Studies

Looking at the results of their almost 3 million comparisons, the researchers expected to find a false positive rate of about 5 percent. Instead, they found that the top three fMRI analysis programs—Statistical Parametric Mapping, the fMRIB Software Library, and Analysis of Functional Neuroimages—yielded false positive rates up to 70 percent. That’s right: seven out of 10 scans analyzed using these methods came to inaccurate conclusions. And the authors say that may be a conservative estimate.

If these findings are correct, it has a huge impact on neuroscience research. In a literature search, the authors found more than 40,000 neuroscience studies that relied on fMRI results. Still, there may be no point in going back and re-doing these studies. It’s better to look to the future, the authors say: "Considering it is now possible to evaluate common statistical methods using real fMRI data, the fMRI community should, in our opinion, focus on validation of existing methods.”

BuzzFeed: Support For EU Membership Is On The Rise In Several Countries After Brexit

In Denmark, a Voxmeter poll shows that nearly 7 in 10 Danes now support EU membership, up from 60% a week before Britain’s vote. The same poll found support for holding a referendum dropping to 32% from 41% over the course of the same seven days.

In Finland, a poll released last week also saw a rise in support for EU membership: up from 56% in March to 68%. In Sweden, backing for EU membership has seen a smaller increase compared with earlier levels, but is nevertheless supported by a majority (52%) according to a TNS Sifo poll carried out after the UK referendum. [...]

Meanwhile, in Europe’s largest economy, Germany, 82% of respondents polled by Forsa said they would vote to remain in the EU if a referendum were held in their country. Only 14% would back leaving the EU. More than 70% are opposed to a UK-style referendum, according to the same poll published on the Monday after Britain’s vote. [...]

Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right Front National (FN), who was all smiles on 24 June, has pledged to hold a referendum on EU membership if elected president in 2017. According to opinion polls, Le Pen is currently on track to make the second-round run-off in next year’s presidential election.

However, experts suggest that unless Brexit turns out to be a runaway success for the UK, Le Pen will find it extremely difficult to carve out a path to the presidency on an anti-EU platform because dislike for the EU is not the same as wanting to exit.

The Washington Post: An introduction to Islam by way of potions and spells, dreams and demons

It isn’t hard to find a book about Islam or Muslims. It is hard, however, to find a really good one. Some of the more popular titles are actually terrible, if not malevolent. Swap out “Islam” for “Judaism,” for example, and Glenn Beck’s “It IS About Islam” reads like a Nazi screed. Part of the problem is authorship: We talk about Muslims frequently, but we rarely hear from Muslims. That’s why Michael Muhammad Knight’s latest book, “Magic in Islam,” is such a treat, both for his perspective and for his scholarship. Finally an introduction to Islam that is entertaining, intelligent and well-informed. Even if you’re well-versed in the religion, you’ll still find Knight’s historical and cultural foray to be powerful, rewarding reading. [...]

“Magic in Islam” is packed with fascinating insights and curious tidbits. Did you know the devil had a granddaughter? Knight even knows her name. Beyond that, who else would think of explaining Islam through magic? From potions to spells, from astrology to numerology, from dreams to demons, “Magic in Islam” unveils the allegedly talismanic and purportedly irrational ways Islam works in real people’s lives. Concise in his language and admirable in his breadth, Knight is remarkably efficient, providing a very nuanced, detailed and almost taxonomic take on Islam over some 1,400 years of human history — all in just 200 pages of text.

The Guardian: Van Rompuy: UK must accept free movement to stay in single market

Brussels-based insiders read Juppé’s remarks in a different way. “That doesn’t mean we compromise on basic principles,” said one senior national diplomat, adding that it would be “a mistake” for the UK to rely on talks with small groups of countries.

“It would make the position of the 27 more difficult to formulate and could lead to misunderstandings and illusions on the British side, and would prolong negative consequences,” he said. [...]

But Britain had no future as a stand-alone power, he insisted. “There is no country in Europe which is a great power. We are all middle-ranking powers, so there is no future for us to stand alone in this globalised world.”

Despite his concern about the loss of Britain’s diplomatic clout to the EU, he said British influence had already been waning. He pointed out that the British prime minister had not been in Minsk, when European leaders brokered a shaky truce in Ukraine. “France and Germany were there, but Britain was absent.”