5 November 2016

The Conversation: Friday essay: the naked truth on nudity

My scholarly interest in nudity began with a paradox: sometimes it’s less embarrassing to be naked in front of a stranger than to be covered. There was a precise moment when I realised this. I was having an acupuncture treatment with a practitioner I didn’t know, who asked me to strip right down. He offered me a tiny towel that only just covered the essentials. [...]

At the time, I saw nakedness as paradoxical – mundane yet controversial, simultaneously natural and unnatural. For there is a fundamental ambiguity in the nature of human existence: humans are originally naked (for however brief a moment!) and yet clothing and/or body ornamentation is a social inevitability. [...]

Nakedness is also conceptually interesting. Once you think about it, it’s not even clear what counts as nakedness. Can a face be naked? An elbow? A finger? And maybe what counts as clothing isn’t straightforward either. To the European explorers and colonists, Aboriginal people were naked; their cloaks, ceremonial adornments and headgear didn’t count as clothes. This, in their view, disqualified Aboriginal people from full humanness. [...]

And nor is being covered up a guarantee that one will be looked kindly upon. Being covered “too much” can, it turns out, still cause fear, outrage or affront. This was made clear in August of this year, when a woman in Nice was forced to strip off her burkini because it was not “an outfit respecting good morals and secularism.” A woman in nearby Cannes was also fined for wearing too much clothing on the beach. These incidents occurred almost 70 years to the day after the first bikini – a French invention of 1946 – scandalised the world.

Political Critique: Old hatreds rekindled in Ukraine

The assailants, predominantly ethnic Bulgarians, overlooked the suspect’s mixed heritage in their eagerness to blame the crime on bad blood. They even overlooked the suspect’s family home and his relatives. Instead, the mob chased out unrelated Roma families, many with small children of their own. They hurled rocks, kicked in doors and set homes ablaze. A handful of uniformed police officers watched on, failing to stop the pogrom.

After the Roma had been hounded out, the village council passed a resolution attempting to legitimise the violence by formally expelling them. It organised buses to ferry them out to Izmail, the nearest town. [...]

“A TV poll showed that 65% of Ukrainians supported the pogroms against Roma in Loshchynivka,” said Zemfira Kondur, Vice-President of the Roma Women’s Fund Chirikli. “Far-right groups are using that and we’re afraid that we will have more cases of hate attacks against Roma in different areas.” [...]

Most coverage of the pogrom was sympathetic to the aggressors, focusing on the allegations of drugs trafficking and petty crime as justification for the violence.

Comments by Odessa’s regional governor, Mikheil Saakashvili, appeared to support that narrative. “I fully share the outrage of the residents of Loshchynivka,” Saakashvili, the former president of Georgia, told reporters after Angelina’s funeral. “There was a real den of iniquity, there is massive drug-dealing in which the anti-social elements that live there are engaged. We should have fundamentally dealt with this problem earlier — and now it’s simply obligatory.”

Social Europe: UK: From Nasty Party To Nasty Country

British Prime Minister Theresa May once warned her fellow Conservatives of the perils of being known as the “nasty party.” But after 100 days in office, she is in danger of going further, turning the United Kingdom into the nasty country.

In just a few months, May has launched attacks on “international elites” and decided to prioritize immigration controls over single-market access in negotiating the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union. At one point recently, companies faced the threat of being compelled to furnish a list of their foreign workers. And the 3.5 million European citizens who are settled in the UK were left to worry about whether May’s government would guarantee their residence rights. [...]

As with any major social shift, diversity has its detractors. White, English, working-class men over the age of 55 feel particularly excluded from the progressive version of patriotism, and fear becoming a minority in their “own” country. (According to data cited by Cliffe, the majority of the UK’s population will be non-white by 2070.) So they are revolting against cosmopolitanism – and May is playing to the crowd.

Quartz: What cats do when we’re not watching, in photos

What do cats do when their human servants aren’t around? One Austrian photographer decided to find out, and ended up with a peculiar new series in the long photographic tradition of jumpology.

In 2010, photographer Daniel Gebhart de Koekkoek was asked to shoot a cat calendar. The Vienna-based artist began spending time with house cats, and over the course of months, found himself shooting a series of scenes of cats rocketing dramatically across rooms.

Published September this year, the un-retouched images are inspired by Philippe Halsman’s famous photograph Dalí Atomicus, says de Koekkoek. The iconic 1948 image shows Spanish artist Salvadore Dali apparently weightless, floating midair along with a chair, step-stool, easel, water and several cats. It took Halsman and Dali 28 tries to perfect the scene.

Al Jazeera: Indonesia: Thousands rally against blasphemy in Jakarta

The protest was triggered by accusations that Purnama, better known by his nickname Ahok, insulted Islam by criticising opponents who used Quranic references to attack him ahead of an election in February. [...]

The military warned it was ready to back 18,000 police officers deployed if things turned ugly. Helicopters flew low over the city and extra soldiers were stationed at key government buildings reinforced with razor wire and armoured vehicles.

Anger at Purnama, Jakarta's second Christian governor and the first from the country's ethnic Chinese community, spread beyond the capital with solidarity marches also held across Java and in cities as far away as Makassar in Indonesia's east. [...]

Purnama became Jakarta governor in November 2014, but was not elected to the post. He was deputy governor and automatically became governor after incumbent Widodo was elected Indonesian president.

Ethnic Chinese make up about one percent of Indonesia's 250 million people, and they typically do not enter politics.

The Intercept: Three New Scandals Show How Pervasive and Dangerous Mass Surveillance is in the West, Vindicating Snowden

On Thursday, an even more scathing condemnation of mass surveillance was issued by the Federal Court of Canada. The ruling “faulted Canada’s domestic spy agency for unlawfully retaining data and for not being truthful with judges who authorize its intelligence programs.” Most remarkable was that these domestic, mass surveillance activities were not only illegal, but completely unknown to virtually the entire population in Canadian democracy, even though their scope has indescribable implications for core liberties: “the centre in question appears to be the Canadian Security Intelligence Service’s equivalent of a crystal ball – a place where intelligence analysts attempt to deduce future threats by examining, and re-examining, volumes of data.”

The third scandal also comes from Canada – a critical partner in the Five Eyes spying alliance along with the U.S. and UK – where law enforcement officials in Montreal are now defending “a highly controversial decision to spy on a La Presse columnist [Patrick Lagacé] by tracking his cellphone calls and texts and monitoring his whereabouts as part of a necessary internal police investigation.” The targeted journalist, Lagacé, had enraged police officials by investigating their abusive conduct, and they then used surveillance technology to track his calls and movements to unearth the identity of his sources. Just as that scandal was exploding, it went, in the words of the Montreal Gazette, “from bad to worse” as the ensuing scrutiny revealed that police had actually “tracked the calls and movements of six journalists that year after news reports based on leaks revealed Michel Arsenault, then president of Quebec’s largest labour federation, had his phone tapped.”

The Conversation: Chimp study shows how hanging out with friends makes life less stressful

But the jury is still out on how friends help us to cope with stress at a physiological level. Now new research into the role of relationships among chimpanzees suggests that friends don’t just create a “social buffer” by helping us during stressful times. They may also reduce our overall stress levels just by being present in our lives, regulating the way our bodies manage stress-indicating hormones.

Stress has been explored extensively in numerous non-human primates, including chimpanzees, macaques and baboons, and we know it can be devastating. For example, high stress levels in baboons can cause gastrointestinal ulcers and even early death. Strong social bonds appear to act as a buffer against the worst consequences of stress. There are broad health benefits to this, for instance a surprising increase in infant survival among less-stressed baboon mothers. [...]

A newly-published article in Nature Communications looks into two possible mechanisms behind the way social bonds act as a buffer to stress in chimpanzees. The researchers looked at two contrasting theories: whether “bond partners” (the chimpanzee equivalent of friends) just make particularly stressful times less so, or whether the effects of this partnership are felt throughout the day.

Motherboard: What the Paris Climate Agreement Means For Big Oil

Today, the Paris Agreement enters legal effect for the 97 countries who ratified the climate accord as of November 3. Now, these countries, who together account for nearly 70 percent of global carbon emissions, must make their pledges a reality.

At the same time, the pressure is on for the world’s largest fossil fuel companies to rationalize their existence in a future where carbon emissions must plunge by 80 percent before 2050. ExxonMobil’s energy outlook, for example, predicts that demand for oil will only increase over the next several decades. Oil, coal, and natural gas, the company says, will power 80 percent of the world’s energy needs through 2040. As a result of this incompatibility, it’s necessary to ask: Can the climate pact and oil producers co-exist? [...]

In the past, companies like ExxonMobil have vociferously challenged the warnings of climate scientists about the dangerous effects of carbon emissions. An InsideClimate investigation revealed the company was aware of global warming as early as 1970s, when it conducted its own cutting-edge research on the subject. Since then, fossil fuel giants have systematically fought to discredit scientific research, and advance their interests through lobbying and political funding. Numerous probes launched by US attorneys general are now attempting to uncover whether ExxonMobil, in particular, intentionally deceived the public about climate change.

The Paris Agreement has set into motion events that should have fossil fuel companies questioning their long-term viability. But even with unprecedented changes to our global energy mix, some experts believe that’s not enough.

Politico: How the British press reacted to High Court Brexit ruling

Thursday’s bombshell High Court’s decision that Theresa May must get approval from parliament before formally withdrawing from the European Union had many of the country’s newspapers exploding with indignation.

The Daily Mail labeled the three judges who handed down the ruling “Enemies of the people.” On Thursday, the newspaper drew backlash on social media for the headline: “One founded a EUROPEAN law group, another charged the taxpayer millions for advice and the third is an openly gay ex-Olympic fencer.”

The Daily Telegraph said it was a case of “The judges versus the people,” while the Sun proclaimed “Who do you think EU are?” and accused a “foreign elite” of defying the will of British voters.

The Daily Express told Brits their country “really does need you,” declaring: “We must get out of the EU.”